A Guide to Seal Air Leaks

Q: What can I do to reduce drafts in my older home that won’t cost an arm and a leg?

A: This is a common problem, particularly in older homes. In many homes, about half of the conditioned air leaks to the outside every hour.

The good news—especially if you don’t want to spend a lot of money or you’re hesitant to invite contractors into your home right now—is that you can seal air leaks on your own with a little time and effort.

Here are three steps to get you started. There’s more to learn about sealing your home than we can cover in this article, so consider researching trusted websites for additional tips and tutorials.

Step 1: Find the Leaks

The first step is a thorough visual search of the home’s interior and exterior. Look for gaps and holes in exterior walls, flooring and the ceiling. These often occur where different building materials meet, such as the top of cement foundation walls or around windows and doors.

Another common source of air leaks is where pipes or wiring penetrate a wall, floor or ceiling. Ductwork in unheated crawl spaces or attics can also contain air leaks.

Exterior doors and windows that open deserve your attention. Open each door or window and place a dollar bill between the door or window sash and the frame. If you can pull the bill out easily when the door or window is closed again, the seal is not tight enough. Also, a window that rattles when it’s closed or when it’s windy probably isn’t sealed sufficiently.

The best way to find all air leaks is to hire an energy auditor to do a blower door test. The blower door is a large fan mounted in a doorway to depressurize the house. The auditor can find the leaks and may be able to recommend ways to seal them.

It’s also possible to conduct your own whole-home pressure test. The Department of Energy provides detailed instructions at www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/air-sealing-your-home/detecting-air-leaks.

Step 2: Gather Supplies

Here’s a quick list of materials to get you started:

Caulk. You will need a caulk gun and caulk, about $4 and $10, respectively. We recommend indoor/outdoor waterproof silicone or latex caulk that is water-soluble until it cures and paintable when dry.
Expanding spray foam. One can typically costs $4 to $6. This is an effective way to plug leaks, but it’s a messy job.
Weatherstripping. Prices vary depending on type and length of materials, but there’s a variety of weatherstripping options made of vinyl, metal and felt, or open-cell foam that works for most situations.
Pre-cut foam socket sealers. A pack of 24 sealers typically costs about $3.
Chimney plug balloon. Prices range from $50 to $90. You may need a chimney plug balloon if your chimney flue doesn’t seal well. Buy a square or round one to match the shape of your chimney flue.
Adhesive plastic window insulation sheets. Prices range from $2 to $14 depending on size. You may need insulation sheets later in the year for windows that can’t be sealed and don’t have storm windows.

Step 3: Do It!

If you are unfamiliar with how to apply any of these materials, we recommend watching online tutorial videos.

Sealing air leaks is one of the best ways to boost your home’s energy efficiency. Whether you’re a do-it-yourself pro or novice, with a few simple steps and low-cost materials, you will be well on your way to a sealed, more efficient home.